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"哈6":高潮前的平庸过渡
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 14:49:00 +0800
上周五看的《哈利·波特与混血王子》。曾经因为《变形金刚2》而喧闹不堪的本地一家豪华影院,观众似乎没那么多了。不过,据说这部影片在国内首日票房仍然超过2000万元大关。这也是意料之中的事情。毕竟,对于许多影迷来说,可以不看"变2",却怎么也不能放弃追捧多年的哈利·波特。
但"哈6"在整个系列中,的确是一个尴尬。老实说,看的时候我一直在打哈欠。除了偶尔几场对白,影院里发出点笑声,总体感觉就是一个闷啊。就算没看过原著,这部电影所制造的最大悬念——谁是"混血王子",也让人提不起精神。斯内普(他就是"混血王子")干掉魔法学院校长邓布利多那一幕,并不让人惊讶,而是有所期待,想知道影片会不会马上揭开另一个� �底——邓布利多的死因。这当然是不可能的,那得等下一部了。
对于一部忠实于原著的影片来讲,小说本身就是最大的"剧透"。没有太多悬念,没有多少刺激场面,这部影片让影迷感到有些不满,这太正常了。看到一些影评,都是说"哈6"坏话的,什么情节乏味,没有高潮,谈情说爱的戏份太多,如此之类。我倒觉得,这部影片本来就是哈利·波特系列的"鸡肋"之作,能拍出新意那是导演的本事,无法超越原著也可以理解。
"哈6"是哈利·波特系列高潮到来前的铺垫,一来不可能跳过,二来对许多关键情节更不能不有所交待,这就是导演的烦恼。
"哈6"需要讲述邓布利多之死,因为这关系到哈利·波特的复仇之旅。在接下来的最后时刻,哈利需要凭借邓布利多的"老魔杖",来对付伏地魔。(这算不算"剧透 ��?)谁是"混血王子"也很重要,因为涉及斯内普和邓布利多之前的秘密和约定——在高潮来临的时候,这将起到扭转乾坤的作用。(是的,斯内普在玩"潜伏")邓布利多和哈利寻找伏地魔的"魂器"之旅,更是"哈6"不能不交待的地方,这同样关系到伏地魔的最后命运。(不能再说这些了)还有,哈利和他的伙伴们都已长大(虽然还是一张娃娃脸),这些情窦初开的少男少女在一起,当然得发生点什么。
正因为有这么多需要交待的关键情节,"哈6"注定只能成为哈利·波特系列影片高潮到来前的过渡之作。在某种意义上,也注定影片只能成为一部平庸之作。至于"哈6"首映日的全球票房创下了历史最高记录(注意,并非国内和北美影片首映日的最高记录),这更多得益于原著和系列电影的全球知名度,而不完全在于"哈6"本身。
在某种意义上,这是好莱坞影片"捆绑销售"模式的胜利。像电视连续剧那样拍电影,已经成为好莱坞电影工厂榨干每一滴市场利润的不二法门。从夺宝奇兵系列、星球大战系列、超人系列到魔戒系列、加勒比海盗系列以及蝙蝠侠系列,这一吸金模式屡试不爽。可就是影迷们辛苦了些。哈利·波特系列从2001年开始公映,至今已经过去了八个年头,而等到大结局则还需要两年时间。据悉,这一系列的� �结局将分成上下两部推出。让人花10年时间来追一部系列电影,资本的残酷本性一览无遗。
当然,你可以说这是一段"美好的时光"。也可以说,这是和哈利·波特"一起成长"。还应当指出,目前国内电影还达不到这样发达的市场开发程度。(《赤壁》和《无间道》可能是例外)只是这在让人无法自拔的同时,也看到了资本的阴险笑脸。但无论怎么说,许多人还是愿意继续等待最后高潮的到来,就算因此要为一部平庸作品"哈6"埋单。
2009年7月19日
夏天的下跌还没有结束
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 11:53:00 +0800
作者:謝國忠 | 评论(1) | 标签:谢国忠, 股市, 熊市, 通货膨胀
The summer dip isn't over
Andy Xie / July 17, 2009
There is a saying in the stock market: sell in May and go away. Fund managers tend to go on holidays during the summer. Before they go away, they tend to shift their portfolios into a conservative position. In the statistics jargon it means decreasing the portfolio beta. When all the fund managers do this, it amounts to a significant reduction of risk appetite in the market and can push the market down. What is occurring now seems to affirm this saying. Stock markets around the world (except China's A share market) have been trending down since mid-June. The US's S&P 500 index bottomed in early March at 676, peaked at 946 in mid June, and declined to 901 by July 13. Similarly, Hang Seng Index bottomed at 11,345 in early March, peaked at 18,888 on June first, and declined to 17,663 on July 13. Other stock markets have shown similar trends.
In the past few days stock markets have regained most of their losses due to better earnings from some financial institutions and better predictions of future sales by some technology companies. The financial sector earnings, in my view, are a distribution story and don't predict the earnings for other companies. The IT sector, as I wrote in my previous article, is experiencing creative destruction. Its pie is shrinking. But there are winners too. Hence, good predictions from some companies don't suggest that the whole industry has turned around. When the second quarter earnings from all companies are reported, markets will be concerned again. The odds are that the declining trend will continue into August.
At the end of 2008 I predicted a big bear market bounce in spring, 2009. The bounce would fizzle out in the fourth quarter of 2009 as inflation concerns trigger the expectation of interest rate increase. I modified this view two months ago to add a correction in the middle of the bear market rally, i.e., the market would be M shaped in 2009. The reason for the change was that economic data couldn't improve as fast as the market was hoping. The disappointment would cause a mid-year dip. The market was excited by improving production data in the second quarter. I thought that it was mainly due to inventory cycle and final demand data would disappoint. The economic data so far affirm my expectation. I think that final demand would only improve marginally in the third quarter due to the delayed effect of fiscal stimulus, which would improve market sentiment again. The expectation for interest rate increase will weigh on the market in the fourth quarter and bring an end to the bear market bounce.
All asset prices seem to be correlated to risk appetite. The most important is the dollar's inverse correlation with stock market performance. The dollar index ('DXY') peaked in early March at 89 and has been fluctuating around 80 since. Even though the dollar has been on a downtrend since 2002, declining about one third in value, it has staged numerous bounces along the way. These bounces reflect risk appetite in financial markets. The dollar remains a safe haven asset. When risk appetite drops, the dollar tends to rise. Rising risk aversion drives such dollar bounces.
Oil price also shows high correlation with the dollar. It doubled to $70/bbl from the March low but has tumbled to $60/bbl since the dollar began to bounce in early June. I think that the relationship between oil price and dollar is mostly correlation and some causality. In theory, if the dollar decline by one third and everything else remains the same, it roughly justifies 50% increase in oil price. However, the correlation between oil price and the dollar is far more sensitive than that. For example, 11% decline in the dollar index in the spring was accompanied about a doubling in oil price. Merely 3% bounce in the dollar since has been accompanied by 14% decline in the oil price. Liquidity, driven by risk appetite, drives both the dollar and oil price in the short term.
Risk appetite is determined by the push factor-interest rate and the pull factor-economic growth. When growth is high and interest rate is high, risk appetite is moderate. When growth rate is low and interest rate is high, risk appetite is low. When growth is strong and interest rate is low, risk appetite is high. This scenario fits the situation between 2003-07. When economic growth rate is low and interest rate is also low, as the world is in now, risk appetite fluctuates with economic data and policy actions.
I think that the global economy bottomed in the second quarter and would start to show some growth in the second half due to the delayed effect of fiscal stimulus. With a broken financial system, monetary stimulus doesn't work well. The market thinks that the global economy bottomed in the second quarter also but expects more growth in the second half. I think that the developed economies may show 1-1.5% growth in the second half after 6% decline in the previous four quarters. The market was hoping for much more. The anemic data into the summer have brought some reality to the market. The expectation is adjusting accordingly.
However, when the economic data improve significantly, probably in September, financial markets may become enthusiastic about growth prospect again. At that time, inflation risk would still appear low. Markets could conjure up the scenario of strong growth and low interest rate. The enthusiasm could bring the second wave in this bear market rally. Stock markets and commodities could regain or surpass their spring highs.
Neither assumption-low interest rate nor strong growth is realistic. Instead, the world is moving towards high interest rate and low growth rate, i.e., stagflation. Before the financial crisis, the global economy experienced nearly 4% growth rate and half as much inflation. In the coming five years, I believe the best scenario would be half the growth and twice the inflation. The lower growth rate is due to (1) lack of rising leverage as a driver for demand and (2) lower productivity growth rate as the beneficial effects of globalization and IT have been absorbed. The higher inflation is due to the surge in monetary supply in coping with the financial crisis. The excess supply of money will become inflation overtime.
Financial markets are discussing exit strategies for central banks-when and how to retrieve the excess money supplies before they become inflationary. Central banks are reluctant to discuss it because they fear that it would lead to the expectation of rising interest rate, which would dampen economic recovery. This willingness to err on the 'loose' side could boost long term inflation rate. Central banks still don't recognize the nature of the current downturn. It is not just cyclical. Schumpeterian creative destruction is a big part of the current downturn. As outdated businesses shut, it takes time for the laid-off workers to find alternative employment. This is why the global economic recovery will be anemic and a 'jobless' one. When central banks see high unemployment rates, they see economic 'slack', i.e., stimulus could lead to more growth without causing inflation. If central banks want to fight Schumpeterian creative destruction with easy money, it could lead to high inflation and even hyperinflation in some cases.
In the same context financial markets are speculating about a second round of fiscal stimulus, especially by China and the US. The purpose of the speculation is to alleviate the growth fear among investors, i.e., more stimuli could always be applied to cope with low growth and, hence, you can invest without fear. A second round of stimulus is quite unlikely, in my view. The huge budget deficits in Japan, Europe, and the US could make more stimuli backfire. Bond markets may decide that governments would all go burst and refuse to buy more fiscal bonds. Political backlash against high budget deficits is just beginning and making another round of fiscal stimulus difficult to win support.
China has low budget deficit and could afford a second round of stimulus if it wants. However, China's budget deficit is not as simple as it appears. The massive increase in bank lending, for example, increases budget deficit indirectly as the loose lending could lead to bank losses that the government is ultimately liable. The increased debts at local government-owned companies should be part of the fiscal deficit. Still, it is fair to say that Chinese government's overall financial situation is good enough to support another round of stimulus. But, it still wouldn't bring back sustainable growth. The current lending boom has led to increased economic activities relating to government or SoE-led investments. There are few signs that the growth is spreading sufficiently to private investment and consumption to create a self-sustaining growth cycle. The current round of stimulus has improved economic growth but has also increased imbalance in the economy. A second round may add more to the negative side then the positive.
Even though the second round of stimulus is quite unlikely for the foreseeable future, financial markets will continue to speculate on its coming, especially when economic data are weak. Investors need stories like this to work up their courage to take the speculative plunge. When enough investors believe a story like this, it impacts markets and rewards its believers in the short term. This is why there is an infinite demand and supply for story making. When the second round stimulus becomes too old to be believable, there will be another story to catch investors' imagination.
Imagination is important when interest rate is low. Low interest rate by definition subsidizes borrowing. Ceteris paribus, low interest rate increases demand for speculation. Such speculation is rewarded if low interest rate simultaneously leads to economic recovery. In the past two decades it was almost always the case. Consumers in the west would respond to it and borrow more to spend. Hence, low interest rate could quickly lead to a broad based recovery. It paid to speculate when interest rate was low.
The difference now is that the consumer leverage in the west is too high. Even at zero interest rate western consumers couldn't borrow to spend. Hence, the transmission mechanism between low interest rate and demand creation is broken. On the other hand the transmission mechanism between low interest rate and financial speculation is alive and never better. Here lies the danger for speculators: the broad economic recovery wouldn't come this time.
Speculation on short-term market movement is mostly futile. Most market folklores, if not all, are coincidences. The statistical evidences are too few to make the correlation meaningful. The 'sell in May and go away' folklore isn't more meaningful than others, even though the fund managers' vacation phenomenon in the summer makes it sound more plausible. There are just enough exceptions to make the relationship not reliable.
Herd psychology and structural bias are the only significant factors for making predictions. Stock market has a bullish bias. Most of its participants invest with other people's money ('OPM'). As the bonus in a rising market far exceeds the punishment in a falling market, the structural asymmetry gives the market the bullish bias. This factor is especially important when interest rate is low. Savers are incentivized to look for alternative investments to bank deposits when interest rate is low. Bullish fund managers are more likely to attract flow from savers. When market is rising, savers could be caught in the momentum and shift more to stock market from bank deposits. The combination of this herd behavior and fund managers' structural bullish bias leads to market spiking up from time to time in a low interest rate environment.
Such market spikes can reverse on their own. Any spike will attract profit takers. Companies want to take advantage of such opportunities to raise funds. The outflow can bring down the market. The correction that we are seeing now falls into this category. As interest rate remains low, the correction will attract new inflow that leads to a new spike. This is why I expect a second leg to this bear market rally in the autumn.
So far improving economic data are mostly on the production side due to inventory cycle. Final demand data are yet to improve significantly. They could show improvement in the autumn, which lends more support to bullish sentiment. Hence, the second leg in this bear market rally could be quite vigorous also.
The bear market rally ends when interest rate rises due to inflation expectation. As I have argued many times in this page, the global economy is more inflation prone in the future than in the past. Low growth doesn't mean no inflation. The excess money supply released during the financial crisis will become inflation first through high commodity prices. The pressure for cost-of-living adjustment in the labor spreads the cost push to wage increase. This spiral turns all the excess money supply into inflation. When this prospect becomes apparent, probably in early 2010, market expectation will shift to big interest rate hikes. I think that the Fed will raise interest rate by 300 bps over the next 18 months. Other central banks will also raise interest rates, probably less. High interest rate kills the power of imagination in the stock market and brings the end to this bear market rally.
我在法国当考官(上)
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 10:42:00 +0800
作者:Wujiang | 评论(5) | 标签:法国高中会考, bac, 外语教育, 对外汉语
——亲历法国高中汉语会考
我于08年9月在法国C市LA中等三所教育机构担任汉语教师,至今不到一年,就经格勒学区教委通知要求参加09年6月15日的法国高中汉语会考考官,还是颇为意外的。因为我一非正式教员,二没有带过高三毕业班,理论上并无担任考官的资格。就连LA中教务秘书也很吃惊,并当着我的面打电话给教委确认,才知道我的入选是由于学区汉语督学拉巴特先生的推荐。
拉巴特Labat先生是格勒学区汉语教学督学,我在LA中应聘时正赶上他来视察,那时我初生牛犊不怕虎,说了好些现在想来有些不知好歹的大话;后来他又来听过课,反映还不错;在里昂参加法国东南大区汉语教师培训大会上还碰过一次面,并被介绍给全国汉语总督学白乐桑Bellassen先生,彼此印象都不错。这一次,就凭他一句"有能力",便把18个法国孩子的命运"轻易"交在了我的手上。我在一方面感慨法国人的"举动轻率",另一方面也不得不欣赏他这点"不拘一格"的灵活风格。
通知上写明8点到场。我家不在考场当地,一早5点起来、6点多便驾车赶赴格勒。那一天是个阴雨潮湿的天气,早上天光较暗,视线也不是很好。一路上还有个小小的奇遇:在山城C市住了几年,由于当地自然环境保护得很好,常常在出门时撞见野猫、野兔之类的小动物,已经不觉得稀奇。这次刚从高速下到国道,拐过一个弯时,便看到路中靠近左道的地方立着一只小兽。初时以为是大号的野猫,仔细一看,此兽一身灰棕色的毛,身长超过普通野猫,体型却尤其轻巧、腹部曲线玲珑,面孔精巧尖削,两只尖尖的大耳朵如德牧般地耸起——竟是一只小狐狸!
虽然有点少见多怪,但这还是我第一次近距离接触野生的狐狸,很是有些喜出望外。车轮疾驰,我知道等我拿出手机来一定太迟了,便没有勉强,只是目不转睛地盯着它,正如它眯起细细的眼睛紧张地盯着我。直到对面车辆驶来,它才轻轻灵灵地跳开,钻到路边的树丛中去了。
无独有偶。等我们到达格勒的考场,把车停在中学后的一个小区时,居然还看见一只小野兔在路上大摇大摆地散步。才要追过去看,一下子惊动了它,轰地跑开,我才发现不是一只,而是三只小兔子,看样子也不过两个月大。——敢情这条僻静的小路就是兔子之家。
考场——某私立圣母综合中学规模不小——学校整体建筑群落就占了整个街区,从幼儿园到高中全包的机构,我在法国还是第一次见到(再一次少见多怪了,见笑)。赶到大门口,已经有不少考生在门前等待。在这时我也遇见了另外两位将与我一同主考的老师,法国人Florence女士及法籍华人蒋老师,由于我是第一年主考,自然急忙向二位谦虚取经。
在法国汉语会考如何进行?这要看学生所修的汉语是作为一外、二外还是三外。(笔者注:当然,由于师资及生源数量问题,目前在法国将汉语当作一外和二外来修的中学应该是极少数,而且集中在几个专门培养汉语人才的城市,多数地区还仅仅将其作为三外来选修。当然,一门学科的从无到有总是当地教育发展、文化进步的体现(当然这与中国经济实力上升、国际影响力提高直接相关)。比如里尔学区,1996年中学汉语学生仅有72人,2006年就增加到688人,其中72%的学生作为三外,18.5%作为二外,作为一外的学生就相当少了。)
一外、二外要求笔试与口试,而三外只要求口试。笔试以我所见的2008年汉语会考真题为例:
汉语一外:笔试3小时,根据给出的500余字的短文《北京印象》回答问题、作文及翻译。短文涉及北京市容的变化及奥运,作文1题目是介绍自己的城市(150字),作文2要求学生对奥运会发表感想(150字)。
汉语二外:笔试文科3小时(理科2小时,题目稍易),题型如上,但短文字数减少到300余字,但就作文题目看来难度也并未因此降低,比如08年真题的短文《农民工》,文章虽短,却涉及到中国一大社会问题,作文题目也相当"高级":作文1:你觉得农民工变成市民是一个问题吗?为什么?(作者注:我感觉这里的"问题"应该当作"困难""麻烦的事"解。)(150字)作文2:你对中国的发展有什么看法?(150字)
不知大家对这种作文有何感想,在我看来,这样的标题足以写一部博士论文。
再说口试。通常需要20分钟准备,20分钟考试。一外、二外、三外的口试又各有区别。
一外口试:考生向考官提供一篇或几篇短文(总页数20页),考官选定短文后考生开始准备。考试时由考生针对短文进行陈述及解释(可以包括翻译),然后回答考官的问题。
二外口试与一外类似,不过所选短文的长度略有减少(15页)。
三外也是类似,短文的总长度大概10页左右。就我们这次经历看来,并没有要求考生陈述,而是直接进入提问阶段。所提问题也并非与短文有关,而是围绕着考生日常生活的一些基本问题,比如姓名、年龄、家住何方、在哪儿上学、汉语老师的名字、喜欢学习与否、是否到过中国、父母家庭、兴趣爱好等等。同时学生还应该阅读一段文章,考验他的识字情况。要知道,三外考生不进行笔试,但并不意味着他们就不用学习写字(我一直坚持写字的重要性,在此与部分认为"不考就不用学"的同行产生了分歧),至少会考也是对识字数量作出要求的。鉴于汉字作为表意文字的特殊性,不亲手一笔一划地写下每个字符,能够仅凭几秒钟的视觉记忆记住大纲上400多个汉字吗?个人不敢苟同。
可以发现,法国中学教育对于外语程度要求相当高,教学方法也会比较灵活。从口试的考试内容可以看出,学生向考官提供的短文都是由自己老师准备好的。一方面,外语教师可以自由选择教科书,"因材施教";另一方面,他也能根据学生程度为他们选择将来考试的内容,从而达到"知己知彼"(能否"百战不殆"自然看学生的本事)。如果说三外的口试相对简单,二外及一外的作文就很能体现法国人对培养独立思考、逻辑思辨能力的重视(高中会考外语题目中没有中国人常见的填空、选择、改错的"纯技术性"题目)。老实说,换我来写"对奥运的看法""对中国发展的看法"这种文章,都要好好思考一番。虽然限于字数,无法进行细部阐述,但仅仅是摆明观点也未必有想象的那么简单。能否入得法国老师的法眼,自然另当别论。
附文:法国高中会考简介
法国高中会考baccalauréat简称bac,在全国范围内的大型考试,相当于中国的高考,是法国高中生进入高等教育的必经之路。
与高考不同的是,bac是 "必须"的考试,却不是"唯一"的考试,因为对于某些著名学院、"大学校",还需要经过专门的入学选拔才能进入。而中国的高中会考,众所周知,只是高考前的"预备考"之一,往往流于形式。印象中似乎是人人皆能通过,无论对老师还是考生都没有心理压力。
法国bac大体分两个方向:一是综合会考(bac général)及科技会考(bac technologique)为,二是职业会考,一般说来,考生中最优秀的多选择参加综合会考,科技、职业类则等而下之。
综合会考又细分三类:经济-社会类(ES)、文学类(L)、科学类(S),具体科目如下:
经济-社会类ES:经济社会科学、数学、法语、哲学、史地、生命及地球科学等等。
文学类L:文学、哲学、法语、史地、科学教育、数学-信息学等(还可包括音乐、艺术、舞蹈等特长考试)。
科学类S:数学、物理、化学、工程科学、生命及地球科学等。相当于中国的理工类。
关于外语,这里要做特别说明:对于ES及S的考生,综合会考中要求必考2门外语(英、西班牙、意大利、德语比较常见),选考1门外语;而对于L的考生,则需要考过3门外语(当然一外、二外、三外的难易程度各有区别)。
说到这一点,不由得想到了近年来在国内有所抬头的"外语(英语)无用论"的颇带民族主义的思潮。对此我很理解广大学生常年为外语学习所累、甚至为外语大大占用了专业课学习的时间的事实,更希望国内改进外语教学方法、改革考试体制,减轻学生学习压力,但是我还是要冒天下大不韪地说一句:外语(特别是英语)学习十分重要,特别是对于有志于在学术、研究方向发展的研究生、博士生,如果英语不好,很快就会在资料查询、论文发表时由于语言问题而遭遇瓶颈。不说别的,只说现在中国大学在国际上发表论文的数量和质量都存在很大的问题,这都是有目共睹的。除了中国普遍的教育功利化、学术腐败、论文造假等可以"深挖"的痼疾,外语水平不高这个"技术性问题"应该也可以算入在内的。
Eva—日本的西游记
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 10:42:00 +0800
作者:乘风 | 评论(3) | 标签:所见所闻, 读书看电影, 随笔, Evangelion
CCTV在新闻周刊上居然放了日本动画片的新闻,这可是国外动画片在我国遭禁后的头一遭啊。当然,这部动画电影的主角就是在日本家喻户晓的eva。既然连CCTV都破例关注了,我这篇文章今晚熬夜也要写出来了。
小学时候看eva,那是看不懂的,顶多就是看里面的机器人打来打去,对里面的宗教背景,人性的深入挖掘一概没有体会。我在高考以后再重温的一遍,感触还是很深的,但这篇文章主要讨论eva的商业价值。
Eva 在97年的时候就已经有过剧场版了,当时就被媒体认为是无法逾越的神作,然后10年以后投资方却又有的重新制作的打算,并在07年上映了新剧场版的第一部《序:你(不)孤独》。今年上映的是第二部《破:你能(不能)突破》。
Eva这样的神作一遍又一遍的翻拍,在中国我们也能找到对应的现象,那就是家喻户晓的西游记。
相信大家一提到西游记,想到的电视剧一定是80年代拍的老版本,而不会是后来拍的西游记。诚然,老版西游记由于时代的限制,在特技处理方面很差劲,但却不影响我们兴致勃勃的观看,每年暑假西游记都是各频道的必放电视剧,而且看的人还很多,不仅有小孩,还有早已看过n遍的大人们。这就是经典,即使看千遍都不觉得腻。
如果要重新演绎经典,首先要考虑的应该是如何逾越前作。在这点不得不说新版西游记是一个败笔。在特技效果上比前作好了,但在人物性格的处理上却还没原作好,充其量最多只是打个平手。悟空的机智,唐僧的坚定,八戒的贪财,沙僧的老实,这些人物的性格特征在老版西游记里已经表现的淋漓尽致,新版很难超越。另外旧版的主题曲在普及程度上也远远超过新版,大街小巷,人人都会唱《敢问路在何方》,而不一定会唱新版的主题曲。诚然这和当时文化生活相对贫乏有关,电视台只放那么几个连续剧,看多了谁都会,但也不可否认《敢问路在何方》这样的曲子旋律简单朗朗上口,不像现在许多的连续剧曲风单调,还一味歌颂主旋律。
可是现在,许多制片人却是冲着名著的商业价值才去翻拍的,根本不考虑我们这些观众的感受,当然也不会在意把片子拍烂。前一阵子红楼梦翻拍,出来的几张剧照已经雷翻了诸多网友,根本没有小说的感觉。更可恶的是,造型还硬是把昆曲的头饰也应用了进去,还美其名曰发扬传统文化,结果大家都知道。这样的例子还有很多,举不胜举。相比之下,eva的新剧场版可以说是好多了。
其实这次重制剧场版,根本原因还是商业利益,利用eva在日本的知名度,达到利润最大化。但商业化归一方面,作品的好坏又是另一方面,至少eva不会因为商业化忽视了作品本身的内涵。因为作品的质量才是利润的根本保证。可我们中国却没有这样的觉悟,前几年几个大导演争相拍摄大片,为拍商业化电影而拍商业化电影,虽然票房都不错,但观众出来都有被忽悠的感觉,骗人只能骗一次,接下来如果再拍这样的烂片,就不会有这么好的票房了。
中国的电影人,要在自己的创作道路上踏踏实实地走下去,别眼馋商业化的巨额经济效益,苹果还是自然熟的最甜。
另外提一下,eva的原声带非常的不错,为了照应其宗教主题,还特地使用了人声吟唱这一元素。庄严又肃穆,气氛烘托的恰到好处,由此可见日本人在电影制作方� 是下了大功夫的。
你准备参观2010上海奥运会吗?
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 10:31:00 +0800
作者:方元 | 评论(6) | 标签:时事观点, 所见所闻, 财经看点, 世博, 奥运, 中国孔子, 新闻课堂
标题非我杜撰搞笑,是白纸黑字印在表表格上的。
when:2009年7月17日下午。where:北京市首都博物馆《走进世博会》展览现场。who:领表格填写者:我;发表格者:上海某校学生、世博志愿者。what:我参观展览完毕,遇到一群学生在搞"社会实践","被调研"。why:他们的表格印错了。我指出错误,但他们照发不误。一带队老师说:对不起!我们下次改正。
"一切始于世博会",这个广告词写的不错!"城市,让生活更美好!"口号亦好。
惜乎哉!我刚一进大厅,就被胡哥的三米多高的巨幅人像吓着了,当然入口处还有前总书记的视频,不过就是一般分众广告框大小,不是很吓人。而胡哥这个人像吓人之处除了尺寸,还有周围全是大红色墙面 ��托——我想这应该是中国特色吧——无论啥活动都把主要领导的头像啦题词啦弄到前头?以示"关怀"?以示"重视"?以示有了"关怀"与"重视",我们才能搞好工作?
(插播)我在极其官方的中国孔子网站上发现了几幅有趣的图片和几个有趣的记录,与此类似,暂略。
在一面墙上,发现了已经确定参展的国家和国际组织徽标和旗帜图案。里面也有一个和艾滋病有关的机构,这我能理解,借机宣传嘛,为了人类健康嘛。但是我想不太明白的是,居然还有"联合国难民署"!哪位达人告我:他们来世博会做啥?
一些和世博会相关的实物和模型颇为引人注目,比如巴黎博览会上期间的埃菲尔铁塔,比如法国送给美国的自由女神像(不知道出于啥原因,这个神像只展出了手持火炬的"局部",神像的头、身子统统� 有。是因为太大吗?可是那埃菲尔铁塔更大啊,不也是弄出来了?),比如爱迪生的小雕塑和老式电话……等等。当然,还有中国人,尤其是中国男人,特别是爱喝酒的中国男人熟知的在巴拿马万国博览会上因为酒香获得金奖的中国茅台酒。实际上,在那届博览会上,那个奖基本上相当于今天的"纪念奖",就拿我国(当然是当时合法的中央政府大清朝廷派出的代表团)来说,除了茅台,山西汾酒,绍兴黄酒等等很多酒都得过奖。
因为我是普通公民,自然参观日期不可能和各级领导相同,据了解因此也"错过"了一些宣传项目。但是,我从现场取阅并拿回家的一个小彩页,还是让我觉得应该地表扬一下浙江省湖州市南浔区人民政府,该地出产的"荣记湖丝"曾送1851年英国伦敦世博会展出,并获奖。他们制作的小广告彩页上竟然带有一� �段这个"丝",很形象,很有意思,我个人以为。
一切始于世博会,世博会始于什么?我个人觉得始于工业革命,那工业革命又始于什么?我个人觉得始于资本主义制度,包括思想启蒙、契约关系、资本萌芽、企业建立……
那世博会发展了什么?催生了什么?我个人认为是人类的创造。具体地说首先是工业制造,比如提起德国制造,你想到啥?提到日本制造,你又想起啥?……最后,中国制造呢?
我个人认为,当我们奢谈大国崛起的时候,我们的大国制造还远未站住脚,中国货有哪些产品在国际上不是价廉质次的代名词?
本来还有话说,想到没有报刊约稿,打住吧:)
你怎麼知道他是大師
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 01:51:00 +0800
季羡林先生辞世之后,舆论当然要讨论的一个话题是中国以后还出不出得了大师,似乎季先生就是硕果仅存的最后巨人,学界将来再无本事酝酿出另一位众人 仰望的 泰山北斗了。这个疑问的前提是大家都已肯定了季先生的地位,仿佛人人都很清楚他在学术上的成就。然而,我们真的都能看懂季先生早期在佛典语言研究上的创见 吗?我们都能欣赏他在翻译《弥勒会见记剧本》上头下的功夫吗?就算是他晚年以大量中文素材写成的《糖史》,又有多少人通读过一遍呢?
不妨老实承认,虽然人人都称季羡林先生是大师,但我们绝大部分人根本就连下这个判断的资格都没有。所以坊间才会以讹传讹,张冠李戴地把精研东方学和 中西文 化交流史的季先生尊奉为"国学大师"(除非我们所说的"国学"是季先生提倡的"大国学",把中西文化交流的面向也纳入传统国学的范畴)。所以媒体才会大肆 渲染季先生懂得多少种古僻语言,因为这是一般人想象得到的成就,将学术看作武艺奇巧,花样会得越多越好。
既然我们无能判断季先生的大师地位,可见这个尊称就不是我们自己深思熟虑的结果。说季先生是大师,不是因为我们懂得季先生的工作,而是因为我们相信 内行人 的判断。虽然那些内行人其实只是人数很少的一个小圈子,全世界也可能找不出一千人。那么,我们又凭什么相信这个小圈子会肯定季先生的成就呢?我们甚至从未 接触过那个圈子,也从没读过他们的专业学报。也许,大家只是信赖整个学术界的共识,当今学术界都不否认季先生是大师,我们也就只好跟着信了。尽管季先生那 圈子的人在全球学术群体里只是凤毛麟角,其他专学的学者隔行如隔山,根本摸不透他们干了什么。
我不是在针对季先生,更不敢质疑他在学术史上的位置。恰恰相反,我只不过想指出一个非常简单的现象,那就是外行人对专业学者的判断往往要靠一套第二 手甚至 第三手的信任关系组成的链条。这个现象不仅限于人文学科,自然科学更加如此。例如杨振宁、李政道和斯蒂芬·霍金,我们一般人都不太清楚他们的创见创在何 处,大家只能人云亦云,毫不怀疑地接受学界的看法。
掌握不到足够的讯息而妄断是危险的,不经自己的思考而盲从他人的意见是愚蠢的,可是社会的运转与生活的恒常,有时却不得不依靠这种盲从和妄断。举个 最简单 的例子,你要是生病去看大夫,找一个别人介绍的"外科圣手",你怎能知道他就是外科中的圣手呢?你有机会先去检验一下他的本事吗?你有足够的专业知识去评 价他过往的表现吗?
世界如此复杂,每个部件彼此依赖,我们所有人都不能不依靠别人的专业意见。这种信赖固然是人和人之间的关系,但它更是对一套系统的信任。
我们都说季羡林是大师,那是因为我们相信传媒。传媒都把季先生尊为大师,因为那是学界的共识。学界之所以有这种共识,是因为专研东方学的那个小圈子 都很佩 服季先生立下的榜样与他留下来的学术遗产。并不是东方学圈子里的人都很高尚诚实,而是整个学术界自有一套规则体制,自有一套评价彼此成就的原则。大家信的 不是个人,是这一套系统。我们相信一个人取得博士学位,就证明了他有独立研究的能力;做了教授,就有指导学生的资格;在一级学术刊物上发表论文,就表示他 的水平达到最高标准。如果他的论著广受引述,行内人不能不读不能不重视,那一定是他做出了非常重要的贡献。
于是一般人都会觉得一个哈佛回来的博士就算不是太厉害,也不可能太差;一位海德堡大学的教授就算不是名家,也不至于太过滥竽充数;一本牛津大学出版社出版的论著不一定是佳著,但也绝不会是左抄右抄的三流杂烩。
然而,我们今天有谁能够保证一个中国重点大学博士的资格,一部大学出版社出品的水准呢?国家最高学术机构的成员可以涉嫌抄袭,重点大学的教授可以错 把英文 里的"蒋介石"译作"常凯申",一级学刊可以收款刊登投稿论文;博士生更可以从不上课,连论文都由他人代笔。当这一切都可以发生,中国学术领域的信任链条 也就完了。前一阵子,学术打假专家方舟子先生揭发全国最年轻市长周森锋在清华上学时有抄袭论文之嫌,周先生对此仍无回应,却有网友先替他着急了,叫大家" 想想清华的学生压力有多重?不抄袭根本就应付不过来。何必拿这点事小题大做!"我不敢相信抄袭是清华学生的普遍行为,但这位网友的意见却让人忧虑;假如每 个人都像他这么想,那么清华的招牌还有什么意义呢?
为什么季羡林先生被称作"最后的大师"?因为他是上个时代的产物,一个学界仍有信誉可言的时代;因为他的成就被国际学界承认,而不是我们今天这个混 沌晦暗 的江湖自娱自乐的结果。所以,我担心的问题还不是中国出不出得了大师;而是就算真有,我们也不知道他的存在。说一个人是大师,谁说了算呢?我们谁都信不过。
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